Overview
- Published in Acta Astronautica in 2025, the study details whole-satellite high-energy X-ray imaging plus targeted component analyses first initiated in 2016.
- The scans revealed cracks in composite struts, fractures and deformations in scientific instruments, and residues inside the fuel and gas tanks.
- Researchers employed multi-energy, multi-scale techniques that ranged from the entire carrier structure down to nanometer-level material investigations.
- Lead author Robert Zboray recommends X-raying reusable satellites before launch and after landing to determine when specific damage occurs.
- The team says these non-destructive methods could strengthen reusable satellite design, lower orbital debris risk, and carry over to aviation, automotive, and forensic inspections.