Overview

• The amendment package passed with 57 of 60 deputies voting in favor, leaving only two ARENA members and one VAMOS deputy in opposition.
• The reforms were published in the official gazette and ratified in a follow-up session, enacting them into law without further legislative steps.
• Opposition deputies, human rights groups and regional observers have warned that the changes erode democratic checks and enshrine executive authority.
• A 2021 Supreme Court ruling by judges appointed by Bukele allies had already opened the door for his 2024 re-election, setting the stage for the latest constitutional overhaul.
• Scholars note parallels with Nicaragua’s recent constitutional changes under Daniel Ortega, underlining a regional pattern of power consolidation.