Effectiveness of South Korea's Propaganda Loudspeakers Questioned

Audits and legal battles reveal limitations in the reach of broadcasts aimed at North Korea.

South Korea resumed loudspeaker broadcasts targeting North Korea on June 9 after a 2018 ban was lifted.
Audits show the speakers, bought in 2016, do not meet the military's performance standards.
Environmental factors and North Korea's own broadcasts further diminish the effectiveness of the messages.
Legal disputes over the speakers' performance have been dismissed due to variable conditions.
Despite limitations, the broadcasts have led to defections and impact North Korean soldiers psychologically.