Overview
- The four codes were notified on November 21, 2025, draft rules were issued for public comment on December 31, 2025, and final rules are expected in the coming months, with 32 states and Union Territories having published draft rules.
- The overhaul consolidates 29 laws and mandates appointment letters for all workers, equal benefits including gratuity after one year for fixed-term staff, and a single pan-India registration to cut compliance burden.
- Gig and platform workers receive formal recognition with expanded social security and portable benefits, reinforced by e-Shram registration of over 31 crore workers, 54% of whom are women, each assigned a UAN linked to Aadhaar and mobile.
- Citing a State Bank of India study, the Survey projects unemployment could fall to 1.9%–2.9% with about 7.7 million jobs created if the reforms are effectively implemented.
- Chief Economic Adviser V Anantha Nageswaran said the codes are designed to align wage and benefit growth with corporate profitability, with potential to lift consumption by roughly Rs 75,000 crore.