Overview
- The ECB Governing Council advanced the project after completing the preparatory phase launched in November 2023.
- If EU lawmakers adopt the regulation in 2026, pilots and first transactions could begin from mid‑2027, with the system ready for a possible first issuance in 2029.
- The Eurosystem estimates about €1.3 billion in development costs to first issuance and roughly €320 million in annual operating costs thereafter, to be borne like banknote expenses.
- Work now centers on technical build‑out, a pilot program, and engagement with payment providers, merchants and consumers to finalize the rulebook and test wallets and user experience.
- Officials frame the digital euro as a complement to cash to bolster privacy and European currency sovereignty, with proposed safeguards such as balance limits and an intent to offer a public alternative to dominant private networks.