Overview

• Germany sees an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 Easter bonfires annually, particularly in rural and tradition-rich areas like Northern Germany.
• In urban areas, larger, centrally organized bonfires can push air quality toward critical levels, though legal limits are rarely exceeded.
• The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from these bonfires poses health risks by penetrating deep into the lungs and bloodstream.
• Local pollution levels vary based on factors such as fire size, materials burned, and weather conditions like wind or rain.
• Despite their impact, Easter bonfires and New Year's fireworks are minor contributors to PM2.5 compared to road traffic and wood heating.