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Earth’s Aphelion and Mercury’s Greatest Elongation Usher in July’s Night Sky Highlights

These alignments underscore that seasonal temperature shifts stem from Earth’s axial tilt, offering prime conditions for twilight skywatchers.

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The planet Mercury is visible as a bright point of light in the evening sky above the famous Danube River in this 2011 shot. Credit: H. Raab (Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
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Overview

  • Earth reaches aphelion on July 3 at roughly 94.5 million miles from the Sun, making the solar disk appear smallest of the year.
  • Mercury attains its greatest eastern elongation on the evening of July 4, climbing about 26° from the Sun for ideal twilight viewing.
  • The full Buck Moon peaks at 4:30 p.m. EDT on July 10, reflecting indigenous lunar naming traditions linked to midsummer deer antler growth.
  • Honolulu will experience its second Lāhainā Noon of the year on July 15, when the Sun passes directly overhead and shadows momentarily disappear.
  • Late-month highlights include a crescent Moon occulting the Pleiades on July 20–21 and a MarsMoon rendezvous in Taurus during the Southern Delta Aquariids peak on July 29–30.