Overview

• Researchers analyzed data from nearly 300,000 participants across Europe and found that children carrying an eczema-risk genetic variant near IL-7R were significantly less likely to develop atopic eczema if exposed to a pet dog in early life.
• Lab modelling with human skin cells confirmed that dog-derived microbial signals modify IL-7R expression, suppressing inflammation linked to the genetic variant.
• The international study tested interactions between 24 eczema-associated gene variants and 18 early-life factors, identifying dog ownership as the strongest protective environmental interaction.
• Investigators emphasized that the research did not assess effects on existing eczema and warned that introducing a dog may worsen symptoms in some children.
• Findings highlight IL-7R as a potential target for future eczema prevention and treatments and underscore the need for trials in more diverse populations.