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Early ALMA Readings Find Unusually Methanol-Rich Chemistry in Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS

The preliminary measurements highlight a chemically rich visitor pending confirmation by upcoming JWST observations.

Overview

  • A NASA Goddard–led team using ALMA reports abundant methanol and measurable hydrogen cyanide in 3I/ATLAS, based on a paper not yet peer reviewed.
  • About eight percent of the object's vapor appears to be methanol—roughly four times typical comet levels—placing both molecules among the most enriched ever measured.
  • Analysis indicates these gases originate from the nucleus, with methanol also detected in the surrounding coma.
  • ESA’s Juice spacecraft recently imaged two tails and strong sublimation after perihelion, reinforcing evidence of active cometary behavior.
  • Public commentary from Avi Loeb frames the high methanol-to-HCN ratio as potentially life-seeding and, more speculatively, consistent with artificial activity, while further data from JWST this month and a Juice dataset in February 2026 are expected to clarify the picture.