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Earliest Evidence of Humans Making Fire Found at 400,000-Year-Old Site in England

Multiple tests, with rare pyrite fragments, indicate repeated on-demand ignition at Barnham.

Overview

  • Researchers led by the British Museum report the find in Nature, identifying a repeatedly used hearth at Barnham, Suffolk, dating to roughly 400,000 years ago.
  • Analyses of baked sediment, heat-shattered flint tools and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicate focused burning at temperatures above 700–750°C.
  • Two iron pyrite fragments, scarce locally, point to deliberate transport of fire-starting material, helping rule out natural wildfire as the source.
  • The fire-makers were likely early Neanderthals based on nearby fossils, though no human remains were found at the site itself.
  • The team says habitual fire-making would have supported cooking, survival in colder climates and social gatherings, and they plan to apply the same methods to re-examine other Paleolithic sites.