Overview

• The study analyzed dietary and mortality data from 46,000 U.S. adults in NHANES between 1999 and 2018 to assess coffee’s impact on health.
• Consuming one to two cups of caffeinated coffee per day corresponded to a 14–17% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to non-drinkers.
• Benefits plateaued after three cups daily and the link with reduced cardiovascular mortality weakened at higher intake levels.
• Black coffee or brews with under 5% of the daily value for sugar and saturated fat delivered the strongest association with lower death rates.
• Findings align with U.S. Dietary Guidelines on limiting added sugar and saturated fat, though researchers note self-reported intake may introduce measurement errors.