Discovery of 'Red Monster' Galaxies Challenges Early Universe Models

Scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope have identified ultra-massive galaxies that formed rapidly, reshaping theories of star formation efficiency.

An international team led by the University of Geneva found three massive galaxies, comparable in mass to the Milky Way, within the first billion years after the Big Bang.
The galaxies, dubbed 'Red Monsters' due to their high dust content, were identified through the James Webb Space Telescope's FRESCO program.
These galaxies are forming stars nearly twice as efficiently as lower-mass galaxies, challenging existing models of gradual galaxy formation.
The findings suggest that star formation in the early universe was more efficient than previously believed, prompting a reevaluation of galaxy evolution theories.
Future observations with JWST and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array aim to provide further insights into these early massive galaxies and refine our understanding of cosmic history.