Overview

• Barcelona’s Guardia Urbana counted about 28,000 demonstrators at the ANC march, roughly half of last year’s turnout and far below the peak years.
• The TSJC annulled 11 articles of the Generalitat’s education decree for subordinating Spanish to Catalan and Aranese, noting the text failed to ensure a reasonable presence of Spanish.
• The Illa government pledged to appeal the ruling and defend the school language model, as PSC figures elevated Catalan as a core identity pillar and a Constitutional Court decision on the 25% Spanish quota looms.
• PP leader Alejandro Fernández said Catalan politics is not “normalized” and accused Illa of opaque decision‑making tied to meetings with Puigdemont in Belgium.
• The independence march underscored the movement’s street weakness and internal friction, with the far‑right Aliança Catalana’s visible participation prompting tensions contained by the Mossos.