Overview

• The S-991c sign depicts a red traffic light with radar waves and must be installed before intersections to alert drivers to electronic red-light surveillance.
• Dual cameras capture vehicles at the stop line and after crossing to confirm violations before fines are issued.
• The DGT reports more than 500 photo-rojo cameras are active across Spain, concentrated in cities like Madrid and Barcelona, as part of the first signage overhaul since 2003.
• Current traffic rules treat amber lights as a cautionary phase, so crossing on amber is not punishable unless the maneuver poses a safety risk.
• Automobilist associations and firms such as Pyramid Consulting have flagged potential technical faults and procedural flaws, recommending drivers seek legal advice when contesting fines.