Overview
- The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment reports permanent forest loss of 8.1 million hectares last year, leaving progress far short of the 2030 reversal pledge.
- Fires were the biggest proximate driver in 2024, linked to land clearing and drought, accounting for about 6.73 million hectares and nearly 800 million metric tons of CO2 from Amazon fires.
- Permanent agriculture drives roughly 85–86% of annual deforestation over the past decade, with mining and other extractives identified as growing contributors.
- International public finance for forests averages about $5.9 billion a year, compared with an estimated $117–$299 billion needed, while around $400 billion in agricultural subsidies encourage land conversion.
- Brazil is promoting a Tropical Forests Forever Facility for COP30, but officials say it is not yet launch-ready; reported targets range up to $125 billion with potential annual disbursements of about $3.4 billion, including 20% for Indigenous and local communities.