Overview
- The multivitamin arm showed PCPhenoAge slowing by about 2.6 months per year and PCGrimAge by about 1.4 months, while three other clocks showed no significant change.
- Across two years, users’ epigenetic age advanced roughly four months less than in the placebo group.
- Participants with accelerated biological aging at baseline experienced larger effects, with PCGrimAge slowing by about 2.8 months per year.
- The randomized COSMOS analysis included 958 generally healthy adults around age 70 assigned to Centrum multivitamin, a cocoa extract, both, or placebo for two years, with products supplied by Haleon and Mars in an NIH‑supported trial.
- Cocoa extract produced no measurable effect on any clock, and authors and independent experts caution that clinical benefits remain unproven and require longer, outcome‑focused studies.