Overview

• CSIS recorded five left-wing attacks versus one right-wing attack from Jan. 1 to July 4, 2025, marking the first such inversion in more than 30 years; the lone right-wing case was the killing of Minnesota legislator Melissa Hortman and her husband.
• The dataset spans 750 domestic attacks and plots from 1994 through July 4, 2025, so high-profile events after that cutoff, including the Sept. 10 assassination of Charlie Kirk, are not included.
• From 2016 through 2025, researchers count 41 left-wing attacks and 152 by the far right, with 13 deaths attributed to left-wing violence compared with 112 from the far right and 82 from jihadists.
• President Trump issued an executive order designating antifa a domestic terrorist organization and said he will investigate funding sources behind left-wing protests.
• Lead author Daniel Byman cautioned against using the findings to justify crackdowns on legitimate organizations and said reasons for the 2025 decline in right-wing attacks remain speculative.