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Overview
- January–November 2025 registered a global mean anomaly of +0.60°C versus 1991–2020, equivalent to +1.48°C above the 1850–1900 baseline, matching 2023 levels.
- November 2025 was the third-warmest November on record at 14.02°C, or 0.65°C above the 1991–2020 November average and 1.54°C above pre‑industrial estimates.
- Copernicus reports the 2023–2025 three‑year mean is on track to exceed 1.5°C above pre‑industrial levels for the first time in instrumental records, as highlighted by Samantha Burgess.
- Sea-ice indicators show persistent warmth, with Arctic extent in November 12% below average (second lowest for the month) and Antarctic extent 7% below average (fourth lowest).
- Extreme weather in 2025 included catastrophic floods and tropical cyclones in South and Southeast Asia, with reports of more than 1,100 deaths regionally and nearly 260 in the Philippines.