Overview
- From January to November 2025, the global mean surface temperature was 1.48°C above preindustrial levels, matching the full-year value for 2023.
- November 2025 ranked as the third-warmest November on record at 14.02°C, 0.20°C cooler than November 2023 and 0.08°C cooler than November 2024.
- Global sea-surface temperatures averaged 20.42°C in November, the fourth-highest for the month, with early signs of a weak La Niña emerging in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
- Arctic sea-ice extent in November was about 12% below average (second-lowest for November), and Antarctic extent was about 7% below average (fourth-lowest).
- C3S says 2025 is practically certain to end as the second- or third-warmest year, and experts note recent floods, cyclones, and droughts are consistent with a warming climate driven by human emissions.