Overview
- Turkey unveiled the 35‑by‑35 electrification pledge on Tuesday to raise electricity’s share of final energy use to 35% by 2035, but countries have not formally signed on to the draft text.
- Critics and negotiators warn the pledge does not require that the extra electricity come from low‑carbon sources, which could lock in coal and gas unless paired with clean‑power safeguards.
- Developing countries led by India are pressing for predictable public finance under Article 9.1 and secured inclusion of a Climate Finance Work Programme on the COP31 agenda after hard negotiations.
- The United States is not sending a formal negotiating delegation, leaving a leadership gap as energy‑security shocks and high fuel prices squeeze donor willingness to increase near‑term public commitments.
- Outside the talks, UNCTAD launched a Global Carbon Market Network to tackle fragmented carbon markets and activists including Greta Thunberg staged protests to demand stronger, binding action.