Overview
- The Brazilian presidency published a nine-page draft that aggregates competing options without resolving disputes on ambition, finance, fossil fuels and trade.
- The EU reiterated that its carbon border adjustment is non-negotiable and set to begin in January, covering steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- China, India and other exporters criticized the measure as protectionist and pushed to ease trade barriers on green technologies, with trade now explicitly featured in the draft outcome.
- Options on the table include issuing an annual synthesis of national climate pledges, tripling adaptation finance for developing countries by 2030 or 2035, and fossil-fuel language ranging from a roundtable to no new steps.
- Ministers opened intensive negotiations in Belém, President Lula is due to return Wednesday, and a midweek plenary is targeted as large demonstrations of about 70,000 people maintain pressure for stronger action.