Overview
- Nearly 200 nations convene in Belém for two weeks of negotiations focused on implementing the Paris framework, with Brazil elevating forest protection and climate finance.
- The US sends no senior officials after withdrawing from the Paris Agreement again under President Trump, weakening a key source of diplomatic pressure and funding.
- Only about 60 countries met the extended deadline to submit 2035 climate plans, covering just over 60% of global emissions and highlighting lagging compliance.
- UN leaders and the WMO warn a near‑term overshoot of 1.5C is likely without stronger action, as UNEP estimates current policies track toward roughly 2.8C of warming.
- Clean‑energy gains — renewables surpassing coal and solar‑wind growth outpacing demand — have lowered end‑century projections to about 2.6–2.8C, yet national shortfalls persist, illustrated by New Zealand’s unresolved need for offshore credits to meet 2030.