COP30 Opens in Belém With Agenda Approved and 111 NDCs Filed

Overview

• Delegates from 194 countries began negotiations across 145 agenda items after late‑night consultations secured consensus, with sensitive topics such as finance Article 9.1 and unilateral trade measures under review for possible inclusion by Wednesday.
• COP30 leadership said funding talks will proceed from last summit’s $300 billion per year baseline, while many governments and advocates press for a pathway toward $1.3 trillion.
• COP30 executive Ana Toni reported 111 updated national climate plans submitted on day one and flagged technology transfer as a difficult negotiation track.
• Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva opened the conference with a three‑part Call to Action focused on implementing NDCs, charting a route away from fossil fuels, and centering people and Indigenous territories.
• Social participation is prominent, highlighted by the Flotilha Yaku Mama’s 3,000‑km river journey to Belém, even as the U.S. federal government is absent under President Trump and overall top‑level attendance is thinner.