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COP30 Leaders’ Summit Opens in Belém With Lula Pressing Implementation as U.S. Skips

Talks center on updated 2035 targets plus a financing plan anchored by Brazil’s proposed rainforest fund.

A drone image shows the city and the river ahead of COP 30 in Belem, Para state, Brazil August 9, 2025. REUTERS/Anderson Coelho
A woman walks past a sign for the COP30 U.N. Climate Summit, in Belem, Para state, Brazil, Tuesday, November 4, 2025. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)
Brazil President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva harvests acai during a meeting with descendants of slaves in a settlement in Itacoa Miri, Combu island, Belem, Para state, Brazil, Monday, Nov. 3, 2025, ahead of the COP30 U.N. Climate Summit. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)
A boat moves through Guajara Bay ahead of the COP30 U.N. Climate Summit, in Belem, Brazil, Friday, Oct. 31, 2025. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

Overview

  • A two-day leaders’ segment begins Nov. 6 in Belém ahead of the main COP30 negotiations scheduled for Nov. 10–21.
  • The United States is not sending senior officials after President Donald Trump withdrew from the Paris Agreement, while China is represented by Deputy Premier Ding Xuexiang and European leaders including Keir Starmer, Friedrich Merz, Ursula von der Leyen and Emmanuel Macron are attending.
  • Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is pushing for action and is expected to launch the Tropical Forests Forever Fund, described as a permanent trust designed to draw in private capital for rainforest protection.
  • Negotiators are set to unveil strengthened national climate targets for 2035 and to pursue a roadmap to mobilize at least US$300 billion a year for developing countries by 2035.
  • Belém is grappling with scarce accommodations, cruise ship housing and repurposed facilities, as Indigenous groups and climate activists mount visible river and street protests.