Overview
- Nearly 200 countries approved a final package in Belém that contains no explicit reference or roadmap to phase out oil, gas or coal.
- The European Union, Colombia, Panama and small island states denounced the outcome as too weak, while a producer bloc including Saudi Arabia and Russia opposed fossil‑fuel language.
- The agreement advances adaptation and finance work, calling to triple adaptation funding by 2035 and setting initial indicators under the Global Goal on Adaptation.
- COP30’s Brazilian leadership committed to develop transition and anti‑deforestation roadmaps over the next year, with further work slated for intersession meetings and the next COP in Turkey.
- Observers faulted opaque, closed‑door negotiations and noted the absence of a U.S. delegation under President Trump as geopolitical splits shaped the consensus text.