Overview
- The agreement launches a voluntary initiative to work on fossil-fuel phase‑out, avoiding any explicit, mandatory roadmap or direct mention of a global exit.
- The text calls for efforts to at least triple adaptation finance for developing countries by 2035, referencing the current $40 billion‑per‑year target for 2025 within largely unchanged overall finance envelopes.
- Negotiators created a three‑year dialogue on trade and climate, seen as a political win for China’s campaign against carbon‑border measures, and the talks proceeded without a U.S. delegation.
- The closing session was suspended after complaints that documents were added without consent, with Colombia leading objections and Russia rebuking the protest, before decisions stood on consensus.
- Outside the formal COP decisions, Brazil unveiled a market‑invested forest protection fund that drew roughly $5.5 billion in initial pledges from Brazil, Norway, Germany, Indonesia, France and Portugal.