Overview
- The chair’s Nov. 21 revised outcome text removed all references to a fossil-fuel phase-out and eliminated the option for a roadmap to align with the 1.5°C goal.
- Language on boosting adaptation finance was diluted, shifting from a proposal to triple funding toward a weaker call for efforts rather than a request directed at advanced economies.
- Negotiations remained deadlocked, with oil-producing states opposing a roadmap and countries including Japan reported to resist stronger adaptation finance, after a Nov. 20 venue fire canceled meetings and delayed talks.
- Developing-country representatives condemned the deletions; a Panamanian delegate called omitting the crisis’s cause “a crime,” and Colombia rallied about 20 nations to press again for a roadmap, building on support from more than 80 for Brazil’s push.
- COP31 was confirmed for Turkey in 2026, with Australia’s Chris Bowen set to chair the negotiations under a compromise arrangement.