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COP30 Closes Without Fossil-Fuel Phase-Out as Deal Prioritizes Implementation and Finance Goals

Petrostate resistance, together with a U.S. absence, yielded an outcome that shifts the phase‑out push outside the UN.

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Indigenous people take part in the "We are the answer" march during the annual Free Earth camp, where they discuss rights, territorial protection and their role in COP30, which will take place for the first time in the Amazon, in Brasilia, Brazil, Thursday, April 10, 2025. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)
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A woman lights her stove to prepare lunch, in the village of Zorro, Burkina Faso. Image by Ollivier Girard/CIFOR via Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Overview

  • Negotiators adopted the Belém 'Mutirão' package without any reference to fossil fuels after opposition led by Saudi Arabia and Russia.
  • More than 80 countries backed a formal phase‑out roadmap, and Colombia with the Netherlands announced an April 2026 conference in Santa Marta to draft one outside the UN process.
  • The deal calls for tripling adaptation finance by 2035 and points to mobilizing roughly US$1.3 trillion annually by 2035, though analysts question delivery and funding sources.
  • Implementation measures advanced included a Just Transition mechanism known as the Belém Action Mechanism and a Gender Action Plan, alongside a declaration on climate information integrity.
  • Civil‑society and Indigenous protests disrupted talks, a pavilion‑area fire led to a brief evacuation with no injuries, and observers said the lack of a U.S. delegation weakened momentum for stronger language.