Overview
- After talks ran past their deadline in Belém, countries approved the Muçilan decision that omits an explicit exit from fossil fuels and drops Brazil’s proposed roadmap.
- The text establishes a presidency-led initiative to advance emissions reductions and reiterates pursuit of the 1.5°C limit, including efforts to reverse any overshoot.
- European Union members and vulnerable island nations pressed to keep phase-out language, but resistance from Saudi Arabia and other producers prevailed.
- The decision urges tripling adaptation finance for developing countries by 2035, a timetable delayed by five years from earlier proposals.
- The outcome falls short of COP28’s call to accelerate a fossil-fuel departure, with progress further strained by the U.S. government’s absence and widespread delays in updated national targets.