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Combined ALMA and Gaia Data Reveal Hidden Gas Giant in MP Mus’s Protoplanetary Disk

Deep 3 mm ALMA imaging paired with Gaia astrometry confirms a 3–10 Jupiter-mass planet carving gaps in MP Mus’s protoplanetary disk

Artist's concept of a protoplanetary disk (Credit: Merikanto/Wikimedia Commons CC 4.0)
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Overview

  • 3 mm ALMA observations uncovered a central cavity and two outer gaps in what was once seen as a featureless MP Mus disk.
  • Gaia astrometry detected a subtle stellar wobble indicating a companion orbiting between one and three astronomical units from the star.
  • Computer models link the wobble and disk substructures to a gas giant estimated at three to ten times Jupiter’s mass.
  • This marks the first indirect discovery of an embedded planet in a protoplanetary disk achieved by combining deep disk imaging with precise astrometry.
  • Upcoming upgrades to ALMA and future facilities like the ngVLA are expected to extend this method to reveal more hidden young planets.