Climate Change Threatens Satellite Operations in Earth's Orbit

A study finds rising CO₂ levels reduce atmospheric density, increasing space debris risks and limiting satellite capacity.

Research published in 'Nature Sustainability' shows that increased CO₂ in the thermosphere cools and compresses the upper atmosphere, reducing its density.
Lower atmospheric density prolongs the lifespan of space debris, heightening collision risks and creating cascading debris scenarios that threaten satellites.
Simulations suggest that without emissions reductions, satellite capacity in low Earth orbit could drop by up to 66% by 2100, with some altitudes seeing reductions as high as 82%.
Space debris, already a significant issue with over 100 million pieces in orbit, is exacerbated by the growing number of satellites, including SpaceX's Starlink network.
Aluminum oxide particles from burning satellite debris could harm the ozone layer, potentially increasing exposure to harmful UV radiation.