Overview

• Climate change impacts on crops vary widely, with maize yields projected to decline globally, while wheat may see increases due to CO2 fertilization.
• Farmers in tropical regions face the greatest risks as warming pushes crop temperatures beyond optimal levels, reducing yields of staples like maize and millet.
• Extreme weather events, including droughts and flooding, are expected to increase yield volatility and further pressure global food systems.
• Technological advancements and expanded cultivation have masked the negative effects of climate change on crop productivity over recent decades.
• Adaptation strategies, such as improved agricultural practices and development of resilient crop varieties, are essential to mitigate future risks.