Overview

• Autumn 2024 data show that daily rail arrivals into major cities averaged 1.865 million, marking a 1.6% rise on 2019 and the highest figure since 2010.
• Midweek morning overcrowding averaged 1.6%, even though peak-time arrivals remain about 13% below pre-pandemic levels.
• The 7:30 am Thameslink service from Bedford to Three Bridges recorded the highest load factor at 184%, making it the most overcrowded train in England and Wales.
• The Elizabeth line, which opened fully in 2023, has relieved pressure on central London commuter routes by diverting thousands of passengers from other services.
• Arrivals into cities outside London have yet to recover, standing at about 660 000 daily compared with 730 000 in 2019.