Overview
- Systemic MakA significantly reduced tumor growth in colorectal cancer mouse experiments.
- The toxin accumulated in tumor tissue, increasing cancer cell death and limiting proliferation.
- MakA reshaped the tumor microenvironment, boosting innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils.
- Repeated dosing produced no harmful inflammation or detectable effects on weight, general health, or vital organ function.
- The peer-reviewed study from Umeå University appears in Cell Death & Disease, and the authors call for broader preclinical testing before any clinical evaluation.