Overview

• European security officials and internal Kupol papers indicate more than six visits by Chinese specialists since the second quarter of 2024 to support drone development at IEMZ Kupol.
• Invoices and test reports show Kupol received Sichuan AEE one-way attack and surveillance drones through sanctioned TSK Vektor, with A60, A100, and A200 models flight‑tested at the Chebarkul range after onsite assembly and training.
• Accounting records reviewed by Reuters show AEE billed TSK Vektor over 5 million yuan in the second quarter of 2025 for A200 drones equipped with anti‑jamming hardware.
• Additional documents tie Hunan Haotianyi to Kupol through HW52V testing and expert visits focused on integrating a new flight‑control computer and engine for Russia’s Garpiya series.
• A recent letter describes Chinese experts working in the third quarter of 2025 on a GA‑21 model assessed by European officials as akin to Iran’s Shahed‑107, while China’s foreign ministry says it provides no lethal weapons and strictly controls dual‑use exports.