Overview

• Xi Jinping reviewed a 70‑minute procession through Tiananmen Square on September 3 featuring more than 10,000 troops, over 100 aircraft and hundreds of ground platforms.
• China publicly presented land‑, sea‑ and air‑based strategic forces as a nuclear triad, naming the JL‑3 submarine‑launched missile, DF‑61 and a new DF‑31 intercontinental missiles, and the JingLei‑1 air‑launched system.
• The parade highlighted hypersonic and directed‑energy weapons, electronic jamming gear and new unmanned systems, with systems such as YJ‑21 anti‑ship and DF‑26D intermediate‑range missiles featured in coverage.
• Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong Un stood with Xi alongside leaders from roughly two dozen countries as Xi called for peaceful development and urged the PLA to become a world‑class force safeguarding sovereignty and territorial integrity.
• Analysts said the high‑tech showcase could strengthen China’s bid for global arms sales against Russian competition, though political alignments may limit access to markets tied to the United States.