Overview

• The mobile DF-61 ICBM appeared on an eight-axle launcher alongside the liquid-fueled DF-5C, a new DF-31 variant, the air-launched JL-1 and the JL-3 submarine-launched missile.
• CSIS estimates the DF-61 at roughly 20 meters with a 12,000–15,000 km range and up to 10 MIRVs, though analysts caution the parade does not confirm operational status.
• State media labeled the display the first public demonstration of land, sea and air nuclear forces, as the Pentagon estimates China holds about 600 warheads with a trajectory toward roughly 1,000 by 2030.
• The show featured anti-ship and hypersonic weapons including YJ-15, YJ-17, YJ-19, YJ-20, YJ-21 and DF-17, with Chinese reports highlighting trials against U.S. carrier models.
• Unmanned and directed-energy systems were showcased, including stealthy drones, large AJX-002 underwater vehicles, ship-launched uncrewed helicopters, high-energy lasers and high-power microwaves, with Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un in attendance.