Overview

• From December 1, dual-use shipments will require export licences, and Chinese exporters must declare final destinations.
• New permits now cover technologies for mining, smelting, processing and magnet manufacturing, plus the assembly and maintenance of production lines.
• Applications tied to weapons of mass destruction or to overseas military and watchlisted entities will be refused, while advanced-computing, memory-chip and AI uses face case-by-case review.
• Foreign companies must seek approval to export items containing even trace amounts of China-sourced rare earths, and Chinese citizens and organizations are barred from aiding overseas projects without authorization.
• China’s dominance in mining and processing raises supply-chain risks for manufacturers, and the tightened rules figure into U.S.-China trade discussions ahead of an expected Xi–Trump meeting at the APEC summit in South Korea later this month.