Overview

• Xi announced China’s first-ever economy-wide cut — 7–10% below peak by 2035 — at a UN leaders’ summit, calling on developed countries to lead and criticizing unnamed nations retreating from Paris goals.
• Beijing outlined plans to lift wind and solar capacity to more than six times 2020 levels, raise non‑fossil energy above 30% of consumption by 2035, and make zero‑emission vehicles mainstream.
• Experts said the pledge is weaker than needed and below expectations for a roughly 30% cut, while the UN cautioned that current national plans still track toward about 2.6°C of warming.
• Other moves included Brazil’s 59%–67% target for 2035, an EU range of 66%–72% pending formal submission, Australia’s 62%–70% cut from 2005 levels, and renewed calls from small island states for stronger action.
• India signaled it will table an updated NDC near COP30 that raises its existing targets, with officials warning limited climate finance could temper ambition.