Overview

• At a UN climate leaders' summit, Xi Jinping set a 7–10% cut from China’s peak emissions by 2035 and outlined plans to lift wind and solar capacity to more than six times 2020 levels and raise non‑fossil energy above 30%.
• Experts and NGOs welcomed the clarity yet judged the target insufficient for a 1.5°C pathway, though some noted China’s pattern of under‑promising and potential overdelivery.
• Climate Watch reported an outstanding gap of about 18.9 GtCO2e to stay under 2°C and 29.9 GtCO2e for 1.5°C based on current unconditional national pledges.
• China produces roughly 30–31% of global CO2 emissions, making its new absolute, economy‑wide goal a significant factor for global trajectories.
• India signalled it will submit an updated 2035 plan by or at COP30 with upward revisions to existing targets, while the EU indicated a provisional 2035 cut of 66–72% pending a formal submission.