Overview

• President Xi pledged to cut emissions 7–10% below China’s peak by 2035 and set targets for clean energy to exceed 30% of the energy mix with roughly 3,600 GW of wind and solar.
• Carbon Brief finds that countries announcing or submitting 2035 plans now account for about 50% of global emissions, with new pledges from China, Russia and Turkey driving the increase.
• The European Union outlined an indicative 66.3–72.5% reduction from 1990 levels by 2035 but has yet to finalize and file its NDC, and many governments aim to submit plans before or at COP30.
• The United States’ 2035 pledge made under the previous administration is treated as void after President Trump withdrew from the Paris Agreement and dismissed climate action in recent remarks.
• The World Resources Institute estimates recent pledges cut about 2 Gt toward the roughly 31.2 Gt needed for a 1.5°C pathway by 2035, and experts warn China’s grid capacity could constrain delivery of its targets.