Overview

• President Xi announced China will cut greenhouse gases 7–10% below peak by 2035 and expand wind and solar capacity to more than six times 2020 levels, lifting non-fossil energy above 30%.
• The commitment marks China’s first actual reduction target rather than only peaking emissions, though experts called it underwhelming compared with expectations near 30% by 2035.
• Xi issued a veiled rebuke of countries reversing climate policies after President Trump dismissed climate change and moved for a second U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.
• Other major players outlined 2035 ranges: Brazil at 59%–67% below baseline, the European Union at 66%–72%, and Australia at 62%–70% below 2005 levels.
• India signaled it will file an updated, modestly strengthened NDC before or at COP30 as the UN presses countries to submit final 2035 plans by month’s end for its synthesis assessment.