Overview

• Scientists estimate that from the start of 2025, just 130 billion tonnes of CO₂ remain to keep warming below 1.5 °C, a budget that will be used up by around early 2028 at current emission rates.
• Global greenhouse gas emissions reached a record 53.6 billion tonnes in 2024, marking the highest annual total and rising steadily since the last IPCC report.
• The Earth's energy imbalance—the gap between incoming solar energy and outgoing heat—has nearly doubled over the past two decades, trapping more excess heat in the climate system.
• Sea levels have risen at an accelerated rate of about 4.3 mm per year since 2019, more than double the long-term average, heightening risks to coastal communities.
• Researchers warn that swift emissions cuts over the next decade are crucial to slowing warming and reducing the frequency of extreme weather events.