Overview

• The inquiry found no evidence that current or former parliamentarians committed treason or knowingly acted as agents of foreign states, though some showed poor judgment in their dealings with foreign officials.
• Six major instances of foreign interference since 2018 were identified, including actions by China, India, Pakistan, and other unnamed states targeting Canadian elections and political processes.
• The report criticized the federal government for delays and failures in sharing intelligence with affected parliamentarians, including a five-year delay in delivering security briefings.
• Justice Hogue emphasized the existential threat posed by disinformation campaigns and recommended creating a national agency to monitor misinformation affecting democracy.
• Among the 51 recommendations were measures to tighten election rules, improve public education on interference, and establish a 'duty to warn' policy for credible threats to parliamentarians.