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California Enacts First Law Regulating AI Companion Chatbots to Protect Minors

The measure imposes disclosure, crisis‑response and reporting duties on companion bots to reduce self‑harm risks and sexualized interactions with minors.

Overview

  • SB 243, signed Oct. 13 and effective Jan. 1, 2026, targets AI “companion” chatbots with rules to prevent self‑harm content and to refer at‑risk users to crisis services such as 988.
  • For users known to be minors, operators must issue clear nonhuman disclosures and break reminders at least every three hours and implement measures to block sexually explicit interactions.
  • Operators must publish their crisis‑prevention protocols and, starting July 1, 2027, file annual reports to the state’s Office of Suicide Prevention detailing referral counts and safeguards used.
  • The law creates a private right of action, allowing injured users to seek injunctions and damages of at least $1,000 per violation plus attorneys’ fees, increasing legal exposure for noncompliance.
  • Tech groups opposed the bill and some child‑safety organizations withdrew support over perceived carve‑outs; Newsom also signed social‑media warning‑label and age‑verification measures, and he vetoed a stricter companion‑chatbot bill, AB 1064, according to SFGate as cited by Gizmodo.