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Buterin Says Ethereum Has Cracked the Trilemma With PeerDAS and zkEVMs

The Ethereum Foundation is prioritizing provable security in 2026, setting milestones that will govern a phased zkEVM rollout.

Overview

  • PeerDAS is live on mainnet, allowing validators to verify data availability by sampling small portions of blob data instead of downloading full blocks.
  • Multiple zkEVM implementations report production‑quality performance at the alpha stage, with remaining work focused on safety and cryptographic robustness.
  • The Foundation’s 2026 security plan requires zkEVM teams to integrate soundcalc by February, reach roughly 100‑bit provable security by May, and achieve full 128‑bit targets with formal soundness by December.
  • Plans for 2026 include large gas‑limit increases via BALs and ePBS along with the first opportunities for participants to run zkEVM nodes.
  • The roadmap outlines gas repricings and state changes through 2028, zkEVMs becoming the primary block‑validation method between 2027 and 2030, and distributed block building as a longer‑term goal to reduce centralization and improve geographic fairness.