Overview
- The upper house approval removes the final federal hurdle after a last‑minute protocol declaration secured Länder support and set a two‑year evaluation.
- The 500,000‑person service threshold remains despite state calls for 150,000, with an opt‑in mechanism allowing Länder to designate additional facilities in their remit.
- The Interior Ministry will define implementing criteria by regulation, which will require Bundesrat consent before taking effect.
- The law consolidates 10 sectors under one framework and mandates cross‑sector minimum physical protections, risk analyses, resilience plans, and incident reporting to the BBK.
- Separately, the Bundesrat approved an Air Security Act change granting the Bundeswehr broader authority to intercept or disable drones.