Overview

• The Karolinska Institute awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for work on peripheral immune tolerance.
• The laureates identified regulatory T cells and tied their development to the Foxp3 gene, clarifying how the immune system prevents attacks on the body’s own tissues.
• Their research opened a field that is guiding clinical trials targeting autoimmune diseases, advancing cancer treatment strategies, and improving outcomes in transplantation.
• Brunkow is at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, Ramsdell serves as a scientific adviser at Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, and Sakaguchi is a professor at Osaka University.
• The prize totals 11 million Swedish kronor to be shared, with the formal award ceremony set for 10 December in Stockholm.