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Bristol Bay Belugas Swap Mates Across Years, Preserving Genetic Diversity

The new study links distributed mating to sustained genetic health in a small, largely isolated population.

Overview

  • Published January 21 in Frontiers in Marine Science, the peer-reviewed study analyzed 623 tissue samples collected over 13 years from Bristol Bay belugas.
  • Genetic parentage shows a polygynandrous system in which both males and females mate with multiple partners across breeding seasons, producing many half-siblings rather than full-sibling cohorts.
  • Males were only moderately polygynous, contradicting expectations of a few dominant sires, while females frequently switched mates between seasons.
  • Despite an estimated census of roughly 2,000 whales with little mixing from other populations, researchers found relatively high genetic diversity and low observed inbreeding.
  • Authors caution that mating systems can vary among beluga populations and plan follow-up work, including broader population comparisons, drone-based behavioral observation, and continued collaboration with Indigenous communities.