Overview
- The German risk authority reports that all tested cooling agents could damage the liver and kidneys, urging consumers to avoid these additives in e‑liquids.
- Long‑term health risks are estimated at moderate use of about 5 milliliters per day, with potential harm at roughly 1 milliliter per day for WS‑12, Frescolat MGA, and menthyllactate.
- The assessment examined nine substances, including menthol, menthyl acetate, and eucalyptol.
- Because public inhalation data are scarce, the BfR relied on NOAEL values from oral animal studies, leaving lung‑specific hazards unresolved.
- No regulatory safety limits exist for cooling agents in e‑liquids, and many products contain mixtures of several such chemicals, heightening cumulative exposure concerns.